The definition of green and red shots
The Performance definition of green and red shots is based on Stefan Lunner’s experience from his playing career combined with research. The research involves the vision’s importance for the athlete's behavior, in this case a hockey goalie. It is the researcher Joan N. Vickers at University of Calgary who has developed the theory of The Quiet Eye. With the theory as a starting point Performance defined which shots that are easy (green), and difficult (red) for a goalkeeper to save.
During Stefan Lunner’s more than twenty year career in the NHL, KHL, SHL and with the national teams of Sweden and Denmark, he has kept statistics on over 1,000 games. The statistics have been analyzed scientifically by Stefan's brother, Thomas Lunner, a researcher by profession and a professor at Linköping University. Recent years has also Thomas son Johannes Lunner, kept statistics though the same model. Among other things, Performance and Johannes collaborated with Rogle BK in Sweden during the season 2010/2011 when Björn Hellkvist was headcoach. During the Ice Hockey World Championships in Stockholm (2013) Johannes also brought the Performance statistics on the nationwide newspaper Expressen's behalf.
During Stefan Lunner’s more than twenty year career in the NHL, KHL, SHL and with the national teams of Sweden and Denmark, he has kept statistics on over 1,000 games. The statistics have been analyzed scientifically by Stefan's brother, Thomas Lunner, a researcher by profession and a professor at Linköping University. Recent years has also Thomas son Johannes Lunner, kept statistics though the same model. Among other things, Performance and Johannes collaborated with Rogle BK in Sweden during the season 2010/2011 when Björn Hellkvist was headcoach. During the Ice Hockey World Championships in Stockholm (2013) Johannes also brought the Performance statistics on the nationwide newspaper Expressen's behalf.
Which shot is green or red?
Performance analyzes only includes shots that hits the goal. The reason for this is, simply that, if the shot does not hit the goal it is physically impossible to result in a score. Performance assessments of shots are purely objective and thus ignores for example "hot" situations around the goal. All shots that targets the goal are thus included in the Performance Statistics. All shots in the Performance context can be classified in any of the seven different Performance shot categories, thus there are no "other shots". There are some crucial factors in determining if a shot is green or red:
Criteria for a green shot:
Criteria for a red shot:
List of the seven different shot types. The green shot goes under the name of shot 'A' and the remaining six shots B to G are different types of red shots.
- What is happening during the last 0.5 seconds before the shot is taken?
- The line of sight between the goalkeeper's eye and the puck - does it exist?
- The movement of body and head – is the goalie forced to change position?
Criteria for a green shot:
- Clear line of sight to the puck for at least 0.5 seconds before the shot is taken.
- Body and head need not rotate and / or move sideways for at least 0.5 seconds before the shot is taken.
Criteria for a red shot:
- All shots that violates the green shot criteria is a red shot.
- Thus, either if the goalies line of sight to the puck is broken during the last 0.5 second, or that the goalie is forced to move during the last 0.5 second before the shot is taken. A combination of these factors is also a red shot.
List of the seven different shot types. The green shot goes under the name of shot 'A' and the remaining six shots B to G are different types of red shots.
- A - green shot (2.6% shot efficiency)
- B - short puck contact (15.5% shot efficiency)
- C - rebounds (21.2% shot efficiency)
- D - deflections (21.2% shot efficiency)
- E - screened shots (16.4% shot efficiency)
- F - puck transport through the central line (27.9% shot efficiency)
- G - pass through the central line which is followed by a shot (shot 29.3% efficiency)